Reason - meaning and definition. What is Reason
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What (who) is Reason - definition

THE CAPACITY OF CONSCIOUSLY MAKING SENSE OF THINGS, APPLYING LOGIC, AND ADAPTING OR JUSTIFYING PRACTICES, INSTITUTIONS, AND BELIEFS BASED ON NEW OR EXISTING INFORMATION
Reasoning; Reasoned; Reason (philosophy); Formal reasoning; Reason (logic); Ratiocination; Insight learning; Rational argument; Historical reasons; Historical reason; Rational capacity; History of reasoning; Unreasonable; Discursive reason; Natural reason; Logical reason; Human reason; Method of reasoning; Philosophical reason; Meta-reasoning; Philosophic reason; Discursive reasoning; Foundations of reasoning; Evolution of reason
  •  Dan Sperber believes that reasoning in groups is more effective and promotes their evolutionary fitness.
  • René Descartes
  • [[Francisco de Goya]], ''[[The Sleep of Reason Produces Monsters]]'' (''El sueño de la razón produce monstruos''), c. 1797

Reason         
·noun Ratio; proportion.
II. Reason ·vt To support with reasons, as a request.
III. Reason ·noun To Converse; to compare opinions.
IV. Reason ·vt To overcome or conquer by adducing reasons;
- with down; as, to reason down a passion.
V. Reason ·vt To persuade by reasoning or argument; as, to reason one into a belief; to reason one out of his plan.
VI. Reason ·vt To arrange and present the reasons for or against; to examine or discuss by arguments; to debate or discuss; as, I reasoned the matter with my friend.
VII. Reason ·vt To find by logical processes; to explain or justify by reason or argument;
- usually with out; as, to reason out the causes of the librations of the moon.
VIII. Reason ·noun Hence: To carry on a process of deduction or of induction, in order to convince or to confute; to formulate and set forth propositions and the inferences from them; to Argue.
IX. Reason ·noun To exercise the rational faculty; to deduce inferences from premises; to perform the process of deduction or of induction; to Ratiocinate; to reach conclusions by a systematic comparison of facts.
X. Reason ·noun Due exercise of the reasoning faculty; accordance with, or that which is accordant with and ratified by, the mind rightly exercised; right intellectual judgment; clear and fair deductions from true principles; that which is dictated or supported by the common sense of mankind; right conduct; right; propriety; justice.
XI. Reason ·noun A thought or a consideration offered in support of a determination or an opinion; a just ground for a conclusion or an action; that which is offered or accepted as an explanation; the efficient cause of an occurrence or a phenomenon; a motive for an action or a determination; proof, more or less decisive, for an opinion or a conclusion; principle; efficient cause; final cause; ground of argument.
XII. Reason ·noun The faculty or capacity of the human mind by which it is distinguished from the intelligence of the inferior animals; the higher as distinguished from the lower cognitive faculties, sense, imagination, and memory, and in contrast to the feelings and desires. Reason comprises conception, judgment, reasoning, and the intuitional faculty. Specifically, it is the intuitional faculty, or the faculty of first truths, as distinguished from the understanding, which is called the discursive or ratiocinative faculty.
reason         
I. n.
1.
Intellect, mind, sense, understanding, rational faculty, conception, judgment, intuitional faculty, thinking principle, intellectual powers or faculties, discursive power or faculty.
2.
Cause, ground, principle, motive, consideration, account, efficient cause, sake.
3.
Design, purpose, end, object, aim, final cause.
4.
Argument, reasoning, ratiocination, right judgment, chain of reasoning, process of reasoning.
5.
Reasonableness, wisdom, common-sense, good sense, right or just view.
6.
Right, justice, fairness, equity.
7.
Theory, exposition, rationale.
II. v. n.
1.
Draw conclusions, draw inferences, make deductions, ratiocinate, argue.
2.
Argue, debate, dispute, chop logic, try conclusions, bandy words or arguments, hold or carry on an argument.
reason         
(reasons, reasoning, reasoned)
Frequency: The word is one of the 700 most common words in English.
1.
The reason for something is a fact or situation which explains why it happens or what causes it to happen.
There is a reason for every important thing that happens...
Who would have a reason to want to kill her?
N-COUNT: usu with supp, oft N for n, N to-inf
2.
If you say that you have reason to believe something or to have a particular emotion, you mean that you have evidence for your belief or there is a definite cause of your feeling.
They had reason to believe there could be trouble...
He had every reason to be upset...
N-UNCOUNT: usu N to-inf
3.
The ability that people have to think and to make sensible judgments can be referred to as reason.
...a conflict between emotion and reason...
N-UNCOUNT
4.
If you reason that something is true, you decide that it is true after thinking carefully about all the facts.
I reasoned that changing my diet would lower my cholesterol level...
'Listen,' I reasoned, 'it doesn't take a genius to figure out what Adam's up to.'
VERB: V that, V with quote
5.
If one thing happens by reason of another, it happens because of it. (FORMAL)
The boss retains enormous influence by reason of his position...
PHRASE: PHR n
6.
If you try to make someone listen to reason, you try to persuade them to listen to sensible arguments and be influenced by them.
The company's top executives had refused to listen to reason.
PHRASE: V inflects
7.
If you say that something happened or was done for no reason, for no good reason, or for no reason at all, you mean that there was no obvious reason why it happened or was done.
The guards, he said, would punch them for no reason...
For no reason at all the two men started to laugh.
PHRASE: PHR with cl
8.
If a person or thing is someone's reason for living or their reason for being, they are the most important thing in that person's life.
Chloe is my reason for living.
PHRASE: usu poss PHR
9.
If you say that something happened or is true for some reason, you mean that you know it happened or is true, but you do not know why.
For some inexplicable reason she was attracted to Patrick.
PHRASE: PHR with cl [vagueness]
10.
If you say that you will do anything within reason, you mean that you will do anything that is fair or reasonable and not too extreme.
I will take any job that comes along, within reason...
PHRASE: PHR with cl, n PHR
11.
rhyme or reason: see rhyme
to see reason: see see
it stands to reason: see stand

Wikipedia

Reason

Reason is the capacity of consciously applying logic by drawing conclusions from new or existing information, with the aim of seeking the truth. It is closely associated with such characteristically human activities as philosophy, science, language, mathematics, and art, and is normally considered to be a distinguishing ability possessed by humans. Reason is sometimes referred to as rationality.

Reasoning is associated with the acts of thinking and cognition, and involves the use of one's intellect. The field of logic studies the ways in which humans can use formal reasoning to produce logically valid arguments. Reasoning may be subdivided into forms of logical reasoning, such as deductive reasoning, inductive reasoning, and abductive reasoning. Aristotle drew a distinction between logical discursive reasoning (reason proper), and intuitive reasoning, in which the reasoning process through intuition—however valid—may tend toward the personal and the subjectively opaque. In some social and political settings logical and intuitive modes of reasoning may clash, while in other contexts intuition and formal reason are seen as complementary rather than adversarial. For example, in mathematics, intuition is often necessary for the creative processes involved with arriving at a formal proof, arguably the most difficult of formal reasoning tasks.

Reasoning, like habit or intuition, is one of the ways by which thinking moves from one idea to a related idea. For example, reasoning is the means by which rational individuals understand sensory information from their environments, or conceptualize abstract dichotomies such as cause and effect, truth and falsehood, or ideas regarding notions of good or evil. Reasoning, as a part of executive decision making, is also closely identified with the ability to self-consciously change, in terms of goals, beliefs, attitudes, traditions, and institutions, and therefore with the capacity for freedom and self-determination.

In contrast to the use of "reason" as an abstract noun, a reason is a consideration given which either explains or justifies events, phenomena, or behavior. Reasons justify decisions, reasons support explanations of natural phenomena; reasons can be given to explain the actions (conduct) of individuals.

Using reason, or reasoning, can also be described more plainly as providing good, or the best, reasons. For example, when evaluating a moral decision, "morality is, at the very least, the effort to guide one's conduct by reason—that is, doing what there are the best reasons for doing—while giving equal [and impartial] weight to the interests of all those affected by what one does."

Psychologists and cognitive scientists have attempted to study and explain how people reason, e.g. which cognitive and neural processes are engaged, and how cultural factors affect the inferences that people draw. The field of automated reasoning studies how reasoning may or may not be modeled computationally. Animal psychology considers the question of whether animals other than humans can reason.

Examples of use of Reason
1. Logos means both reason and word – a reason which is creative and capable of self–communication, precisely as reason.
2. "One reason is heliskiing and the next reason is heliskiing and the third reason is heliskiing," Moosburger says.
3. "The same reason they hired me is the reason they suspected me," Tenenbaum said.
4. Even though it may appear that the bear attacked for no reason, there was a reason.
5. "There is only one reason for our success and one reason alone – talent," said Paul McGinley.